:root {
  --bg: #08131a;
  --bg-soft: rgba(10, 27, 37, 0.84);
  --panel: rgba(9, 22, 30, 0.7);
  --panel-strong: rgba(13, 33, 42, 0.88);
  --line: rgba(170, 211, 216, 0.18);
  --ink: #e9f4f1;
  --muted: #9ab3b1;
  --accent: #d4c28a;
  --signal: #83d0c5;
  --shadow: 0 28px 90px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  min-height: 100vh;
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
  color: var(--ink);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at top left, rgba(118, 171, 169, 0.18), transparent 28%),
    radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(212, 194, 138, 0.14), transparent 26%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #061017 0%, #0a1820 42%, #08131a 100%);
}

body::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 28px 28px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), transparent 75%);
}

a {
  color: var(--signal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  color: #b5efe6;
}

.page-shell {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 32px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 40px 0 72px;
}

.panel {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 28px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--bg-soft), var(--panel));
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  animation: rise 0.75s ease both;
}

.panel::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08), transparent 28%);
}

.hero {
  padding: 52px clamp(22px, 4vw, 46px);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.eyebrow,
.kicker {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--signal);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Fraunces", serif;
  font-weight: 700;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 13ch;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5.4rem);
  line-height: 0.96;
}

h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2vw, 2.25rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.lede,
p,
li {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.lede {
  max-width: 68ch;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.content-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.content-grid > .panel {
  grid-column: span 6;
  padding: 28px;
}

.content-grid > .span-two {
  grid-column: span 12;
}

.abstract-panel {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(18, 38, 46, 0.96), rgba(10, 24, 30, 0.88));
}

.visuals {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(11, 31, 39, 0.92), rgba(9, 24, 31, 0.88));
}

.plot-panel {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10, 30, 38, 0.92), rgba(8, 21, 27, 0.88));
}

.concept-panel {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(13, 31, 39, 0.94), rgba(8, 22, 29, 0.88));
}

.structure-panel {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(12, 30, 38, 0.94), rgba(8, 20, 27, 0.88));
}

.section-head {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.paper-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.paper-meta span {
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
}

.status-note {
  margin-top: 18px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(212, 194, 138, 0.22);
  background: rgba(212, 194, 138, 0.08);
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.status-note strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.equation {
  margin: 20px 0 22px;
  padding: 22px 18px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(212, 194, 138, 0.18);
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.equation.compact {
  padding-top: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 16px;
}

.equation-types {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: -4px 0 18px;
}

.equation-tag {
  padding: 9px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.equation-tag.tensor {
  background: rgba(124, 212, 200, 0.14);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.equation-tag.scalar {
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.equation-tag.ode {
  background: rgba(133, 174, 245, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.annotated-equation-card {
  margin: 6px 0 18px;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.annotated-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}

.operator-note {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.18);
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.operator-note strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.annotated-equation-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: start;
}

.annotated-term-group {
  display: grid;
  justify-items: center;
}

.annotated-term {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 78px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.annotated-stem {
  width: 2px;
  height: 18px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent), var(--signal));
}

.annotated-note {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 14px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.annotated-note p {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.annotated-note strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.annotated-sign {
  align-self: center;
  padding-top: 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: "Fraunces", serif;
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.definition-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.definition-grid article,
.feature-row article,
.experiment-grid article {
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.definition-grid p,
.feature-row p,
.experiment-grid p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.feature-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.lit-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.lit-grid article {
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.lit-grid p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.link-panel {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(16, 35, 44, 0.95), rgba(13, 24, 29, 0.88));
}

.link-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.link-grid article {
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.link-grid p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.link-grid a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.structure-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.95fr 1.05fr;
  gap: 18px;
}

.notation-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.notation-card {
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.notation-card p {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
}

.notation-block {
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 14px 12px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.structure-card {
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.structure-card p {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
}

.type-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.type-list li + li {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.type-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 10px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.type-badge.scalar {
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.type-badge.vector {
  background: rgba(133, 174, 245, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.type-badge.tensor {
  background: rgba(124, 212, 200, 0.14);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.tensor-matrix {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.tensor-blank,
.tensor-label,
.tensor-cell {
  min-height: 54px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 8px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.tensor-blank,
.tensor-label {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.tensor-cell {
  color: var(--ink);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.tensor-cell.strong {
  background: rgba(124, 212, 200, 0.14);
}

.tensor-cell.medium {
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.12);
}

.tensor-cell.light {
  background: rgba(133, 174, 245, 0.10);
}

.rank-flow {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.rank-flow article {
  position: relative;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.rank-flow p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.rank-kind {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.rank-kind.tensor {
  background: rgba(124, 212, 200, 0.14);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.rank-kind.scalar {
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.rank-kind.ode {
  background: rgba(133, 174, 245, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.plot-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.plot-card {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.plot-frame {
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.plot-frame svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.plot-card figcaption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.plot-card strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.plot-wide {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.concept-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
}

.concept-card {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.concept-card img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
}

.concept-card figcaption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.concept-card strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.matrix-shell {
  border-radius: 16px;
  overflow: auto;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
}

.matrix-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.15fr repeat(4, 1fr);
  min-width: 760px;
}

.matrix-corner,
.matrix-head,
.matrix-cell {
  padding: 12px 10px;
  min-height: 74px;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.matrix-corner,
.matrix-head {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.row-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.matrix-cell {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.matrix-cell.is-empty {
  color: rgba(154, 179, 177, 0.52);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.matrix-cell.is-strong {
  background: rgba(124, 212, 200, 0.14);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.matrix-cell.is-medium {
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.matrix-cell.is-light {
  background: rgba(133, 174, 245, 0.10);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.matrix-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px;
}

.legend-chip {
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.legend-chip.strong {
  background: rgba(124, 212, 200, 0.14);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.legend-chip.medium {
  background: rgba(225, 198, 127, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.legend-chip.light {
  background: rgba(133, 174, 245, 0.10);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.model-stack {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.model-stack article {
  position: relative;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.model-stack p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.stack-step {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent), var(--signal));
  color: #08131a;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.figure-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.illustration-card {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.illustration-card img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
}

.illustration-card figcaption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.illustration-card strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.nasa-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.nasa-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.nasa-card.is-loading {
  opacity: 0.86;
}

.nasa-image-link {
  display: block;
}

.nasa-image {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  min-height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(5, 13, 18, 0.55);
}

.skeleton-block {
  min-height: 220px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04));
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: shimmer 1.8s linear infinite;
}

.nasa-copy h3 {
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.nasa-copy p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.nasa-tag {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}

.equation-bridge {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.nasa-source {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.nasa-panel {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(12, 29, 36, 0.94), rgba(9, 21, 28, 0.88));
}

.experiment-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.experiment-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.experiment-strip div {
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(212, 194, 138, 0.07);
  border: 1px solid rgba(212, 194, 138, 0.14);
}

.experiment-strip p {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
}

.label {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}

.inline-cite {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.18rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.ref-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
}

.ref-list li + li {
  margin-top: 16px;
}

.ref-list li {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.accent {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(40, 36, 18, 0.7), rgba(16, 28, 25, 0.9));
}

.signal {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(9, 40, 42, 0.82), rgba(8, 22, 27, 0.9));
}

.conclusion {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(18, 32, 35, 0.9), rgba(8, 20, 26, 0.95));
}

.clean-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.clean-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.clean-list li + li {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.clean-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.82em;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent), var(--signal));
}

@keyframes rise {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(16px);
  }

  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

@keyframes shimmer {
  from {
    background-position: 200% 0;
  }

  to {
    background-position: -200% 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .content-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .content-grid > .panel,
  .content-grid > .span-two {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .definition-grid,
  .feature-row,
  .lit-grid,
  .link-grid,
  .structure-grid,
  .notation-grid,
  .rank-flow,
  .plot-grid,
  .concept-grid,
  .model-stack,
  .figure-gallery,
  .nasa-grid,
  .experiment-grid,
  .experiment-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .annotated-equation-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .annotated-sign {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .page-shell {
    width: min(100% - 18px, 1180px);
    padding-top: 18px;
  }

  .hero,
  .content-grid > .panel {
    padding: 22px 18px;
    border-radius: 22px;
  }

  .definition-grid,
  .feature-row,
  .lit-grid,
  .link-grid,
  .structure-grid,
  .notation-grid,
  .rank-flow,
  .plot-grid,
  .concept-grid,
  .model-stack,
  .figure-gallery,
  .nasa-grid,
  .experiment-grid,
  .experiment-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lede,
  p,
  li {
    line-height: 1.6;
  }

  .tensor-matrix {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(74px, 1fr));
    min-width: 420px;
  }
}